Kindergarten - Third Grade:

• Failure to understand that words are made up of parts or individual sounds
• Difficulty learning the letter names and their corresponding sounds
• Difficulty reading single words in isolation
• Choppy and labored reading
• Difficulty spelling phonetically

Fourth Grade - High School

• History of reading and spelling difficulties
• Avoids reading aloud
• Reads most materials slowly: oral reading is labored, not fluent
• Avoids reading for pleasure
• Difficulty with spelling