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A Abstraction Simplification or alteration of forms, to present the essence of the object people or places. Acrylic paint Pigments mixed with an acrylic base. Active Expressive movement Aesthetic experience Your personal interaction with a work of art. Aesthetic judgment Values used in judging a work of art involving reasons for finding a work of art beautiful or satisfying. Aesthetics - The philosophy or study of the nature of beauty and art. Aggressive line A line that is strongly emphasized Analogous colors Colors that are adjacent to one another on the color wheel Arbitrary color Color chosen by an artist to express feelings. Armature - Framework for supporting material used in sculpting. Asymmetrical balance Balance using unlike objects have equal visual weight or eye attraction B Background The area of a work of art that appears farthest away Balance When elements in a work of art seem to be weighted evenly throughout Base line Imaginary line on which an object lies Binder A liquid that hold together the grains of pigment. Blending A technique of shading through smooth, gradual application of dark values Blind contour Line drawing in which the artist never looks at the paper. Broad strokes Wide drawn markings achieved by using the side of a drawing tool like charcoal, graphite, pastels etc. Brayer Roller with a handle used to apply ink to a surface C Calligraphy - A method of beautiful handwriting. Canvas Rough cloth on which a painting is made. Caricature Drawing that exaggerates prominent features or characteristics of the subject. Cartoon -A comic drawing that simplifies of exaggerates a person or event. Carving Shaping wood, stone, or marble by cutting and chipping. Cast shadows The shadow cast by a form onto a nearby surface. Central axis A dividing line that works like the point of balance. Ceramics Art of creating pottery and sculpture with clay. Pottery in fired in a kiln to make it stronger. Chiaroscuro In drawing or painting, the use of strong contrast between light and dark, and the gradual transition of values, producing the effect of modeling. Cityscape Painting or drawing of city streets and building. Clay Earth that is used in ceramics, it is wet and hardens after drying or heating. Coil Long roll joined into a circle or spiral. Clay coils are used to make pottery. Collage A work of art in which materials, such as paper, cloth or found materials, are glued onto a surface. Color Refers to the character of a surface derived form the response of the vision to the light reflected from that surface. Color scheme Plan for organizing colors. Color spectrum The effect of light passing through a prism to create a rainbow. Color triad Three colors space equally apart on the color wheel. Color Wheel - A circular arrangement of hues based on a color theory. Complimentary colors Colors that are directly opposite each other on the color wheel. Composition The organization or arrangement of visual elements such as line, spaces, color in a work of art. Contour The outer edges of any three-dimensional form that is defined by line. Contour lines Lines that define the edges of shapes Contrast Extreme differences in colors, values, textures and other elements. Cool colors Colors that suggest coolness and seem to recede from the viewer. Crayons Pigments held together with wax and molded into sticks. Cross-hatching Using crossed lines to create shading. Cubism Art that uses two-dimensional geometric shapes to depict three-dimensional organic forms. Curvilinear stresses the use of curved lines. Curved lines Lines that are always bending and change directions gradually. D Design The overall conception of a work of art. Dense Compact, solid and heavy, the opposite of soft. Diagonal lines Lines that slant. Dimension - Amount of space an object takes up in one direction. Distortion To change or deform something from its normal shape and to it make less realistic. Dominant A part of a composition appears more important that other parts. E Elements of Art Basic components used by the artist to create works of art. The elements are line, shape, form, space, color, value and texture. Elongated - Streaked out in length. Emphasis When an artist combines contrasting colors, shapes or sizes to place greater attention on a certain part of the work of art. Exaggeration Enlargements or distortions of elements in a work of art. Expressionism A movement of art that communicates strong emotional and personal feelings. Eye level An imaginary horizontal line that is even with the height of your eyes. Figure The human form or any recognizable object or nonrepresentational shape. F Fire To apply heat to harden pottery. Fixative A chemical that is sprayed over art works to prevent smearing and to help charcoal, graphite or pastels to adhere to the paper. Found objects - Any natural or man made object found and used in a work or art. Focal Point The first part of a work to attract the attention of the viewer. Foreground Area of a picture that appears nearest to the viewer. Foreshortening To shorten an object to make it look as if it extends backwards into space Form A three-dimensional shape. Free-form shape Irregular and uneven shapes. Freestanding Three-dimensional art that is surrounded on all sides by space. G Gallery A place where art is exhibited and sold. Geometric shapes Precise shapes that can be described using mathematic a formulas, like square, triangle, circle etc. Gesture An expressive e movement. Gesture drawing a quick drawing that captures the gestures and movements of the body. Glaze A thin glossy coating fired into pottery. Graphic artist An artist who designs, illustrates and creates any know of art for printed reproduction. Ground Any surface on which a picture is drawn or painted such as canvas, paper, cardboard, etc. Grattage Technique of scratching into wet paint with tools to create different textures. Grid Pattern of intersecting vertical and horizontal lines. H Hard edge Crisp clean edges created by using flat even values or colors. Harmony Principle of art that stresses the similarities of all parts of a composition. Hatching A shading techniques using a series of fine parallel lines Highlights The area of a form that reflects the most light. Horizon line The line at which the sky and earth meet. Hue The name of a color. I Implied line Line that is suggested by a shade in color or value. Impression Mark of imprint made by pressure. Impressionism A style of painting that emphasized the immediate effects of sunlight. Intensity The brightness and dullness of a color. Intermediate color A color made by mixing a primary and a secondary color.
K Kiln Furnace for firing clay Kinetic sculpture a sculpture that actually moves in space. L Landscape Painting or drawing in which natural land scenery is the main feature. Layering A technique in which art media are used over one another. Layout The way items are arranged on the page Line An element of art that is a continuous mark made with a tool as it is drawn across a surface. Linear Perspective a technique that created the illusion of depth on a flat surface. Local color The natural color of and object as it appears to the naked eye. Logos - Identifying symbols Loom Machine or frame for weaving Low-key painting - Painting using many shades of the dark values of a color. M Mass The illusion of weight of density of and object. Mat - the cardboard boarder that frames a picture Matte surface Surface that reflected a soft dull light Mechanical drawing A drawing made by using compasses or other drafting tools Media Plural of medium Medium Material used to make art Middle ground Area in a picture between the foreground and the background Mobile Moving sculpture in which shapes are balanced and arranged on wire arms and suspended from the ceiling to move freely in the air current. Module A three-dimensional motif Monochrome One color Monochromatic - A color scheme using only one color and its values (tints and shades) of that color Mosaics Pictures made with small cubes of colored marble, glass, or tile and set into cement. Motif A visual element that dominates and is repeated to unify a work or art. Movement A principle of design that creates the illusion of action. Museum A place where art is collected for public viewing Mural Painting on a wall or ceiling N Narrative art a Form of art that tells a story Negative space The area surrounding positive space Neutrals white, gray or black Nonobjective Art work without recognizable natural objects. The images are produced from an artist imagination. O Oil paint A slow drying paint made b y mixing color pigments in an oil basee One point perspective Perspective in which all parallel lines converge at a single point on the horizon or eye level line Opaque A material that does not let light pass through Organic Free and irregular forms that resemble living things Outline The line around the outer edge of a form to show its overall shape Overlapping Placing one object in front of another to create depth in a work of art. P Palette A tray for mixing paints Parallel lines Lines that move to the same direction and always stay the same distance apart Pastels Pigment held together with gum and molded into sticks Pattern An arranged repetition of forms or design or a combination of both Perspective - A technique used to create the illusion of three-dimensional space and objects on the two-dimensional surface of a picture plane Photography A technique of capturing optical images on film Picture plane The actual two dimensional surface that a drawing is made Pigment Finely powdered coloring material used in painting and drawing media Point of view - Angle from which the viewer sees an object Portfolio A collection of an artist works for presentation Portrait A picture that features a person or group Positive shape The shape of an object that is the subject in a work of art Primary colors Red, blue, and yellow; colors that cannot be created by mixing together other colors Primitive art Art that has imagery of folk art , it places emphasis on form and expression and often looks child like. Principles of Design The rules used by artist to organize the elements of art to create a unified arrangement. The principles are Balance, harmony, proportion, emphasis, movement, rhythm, unity, and variety. Printmaking The process of repeating a original image from one prepared surface to another. Profile Side view of a face. Proportion Size relationship of one part to another. R Radial balance Balance were the design come out from a center point Realism An artist style were scenes are painted as they actually are. Recede To move back or become more distant. Relief Type of sculpture in which forms project from the background. Repetition Using the same element over and over in a composition. Rhythm The use of repetition of visual elements in a work of art. S Saturation Intensity of a color Scale The relative size or weight of an object compared to a constant size or weight. Score To make neat, sharp creases in paper using a cutting tool Sculpture A three-dimensional work of art. Seascape A painting or drawing with the sea as the subject Secondary colors Colors made by mixing two primary colors; orange, green, and violet. Shade The dark value of a color made by adding black to it Shading Darkening an areas (shadows) to give the illusion of space and depth. Shadows Shaded areas in a drawing Shape A two-dimensional enclosed space. There are two types of shapes, geometric and organic. Sketch A quick drawing that may be a reference for later work Sketchbook A drawings notebook in which artist record thing they see or imagine Soft-edge Art were the edges of shapes have fuzzy or blurred outlines Solvent The liquid that controls the thickness or thinness of paint Space The area around and within an object. Spectrum the complete range of color presented in a beam of light Still life An arrangement of non moving objects that are subject matter for a work of art Stippling A technique that used patterns of dots to create values and value gradation. Structure - The construction element of a work of art the foundation of a composition Style The unique character contained in a work of art, period of time, or geographical location. Style also means the artists expressive use of media to give their work a unique character. Subjective colors Colors selected by the artist that have no connection with object reality Subject matter Things represented in a work of art Symmetrical balance A special type of formal balance in which two halves of a balanced composition are identical, mirror images of each other. T Tactile A quality perceived through the sense of touch Technique - The method skill of system of working with tools and materials Tertiary colors Colors created by mixing primary and secondary colors. Texture The element that refers to how something feels or how it would look if touched Three-dimensional shape A shape that has height, width and dept Thumbnail sketches - Small, quick sketches that record ideas and information for a final work of art Tint A light value of a color made by mixing the color with white Tone The lightness and darkness of a color Tonality Arrangement of colors in a painting so that one color dominates the work of art Tooth The texture of a sheet of paper Translucent Quality if a material that allow light to pass through Tromp Loeil French tern for trick-the eye. It is a illusion of seeing a three-dimensional object painted on a flat surface. The viewer often wanders if what the see is real. Two-dimensional An area defined by length and width U Unity The wholeness and oneness of a work of art V Value Refers to the darkness or lightness of a color or area Value scale The range from white through gray to black Vanishing point The point on the horizon or eye level line where all receding parallel lines converge Variety The use of many different elements in a composition Vertical lines Lines that straight up and down W Warm colors Colors that suggest warmth; and seem to move toward the viewer Wash the application of ink or paint thinned with water Watercolor paint Transparent pigment mixed with water Weaving Art of making fabric by interlacing two sets of parallel thread on a loom Z Zigzag lines lines formed by short sharp turns GLOSSARY |